Burger Kings Diverse Culture Of Employees Commerce Essay

Burger Kings Diverse Culture Of Employees Commerce Essay I have chosen this business as a report. Moreover the main thing to choose this is that I am also working there from last 8 month ago. So thats why these area very well. It is also provide lots of education skills which are useful in my study. So in this is a good ideal business to do the report writing. I like to do work there. Different types of culture people working in burger king so I learn lots of things in store. Firstly we learn how to communicate with others whoever they are customers or staff. If we b honest or in patience then we will success in future. It provides verity of food to people of their taste. Like in burger king we can get also vegetable burger which is most like Indians. McDonald and others do not provide vegetables burgers. So this why I like this is well. People also get cheaper food in burger king as compare to others. Its start just burger from $2.50. Which is cheaper than others and lots of enjoy this. It is provide play grounds for children where child plays and enjoy their meals. INTRODUCTION: Burger King, is known as  BK .It is a industry of fast food   restaurants. The company began in 1953 as Insta-Burger King, After Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties in 1955, its two Miami-based franchisees,  David Edgerton  and  James McLamore, purchased the company and renamed it Burger King. Over the next half century the company would change hands four times, with its third set of owners, a partnership of  TPG Capital,  Bain Capital, and  Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, taking it public in 2002. Main features of burger king Chicken burgers Beef burgers Chicken salad Kids meals Onion rings Desserts Services: Drive thru Lobby Take away Play ground Dining outside History of burger king The burger found in 1953. After purchase the civil civil liberties to two pieces of tools called Insta technology, the two opened their first stores around a cooking device known as the Insta-Broiler. The Insta-Broiler oven proved so successful at cooking burgers, they required all of their franchises to carry the device.  Ã‚  The firms strategy for turning the chain around incorporated a new advertising agency and new ad campaigns, a revamp menu strategy. This franchise also open their web site .which is also beneficial for the people to update their meals. Communication in burger king In burger king employees does their work as a group and in every shifts there is shift manager in store to look after all the staff. More over for takes order on drive thru there are head set to listen the orders of customer and gives them response. When the company launches any new meal then they provide posters to all stores and from store managers put that on wall or on glass in lobby to see the special offers .they also put new meals poster on drive thru menu. Service I think burger king provides good service than others because on drive thru they have to give meals in 45 second after takes money. If they does not gives the orders then according to rules they have to give free big burger to customer. Furthermore they provide some specials meals such as just few months ago they provide 5 dollars meal. In that meal they gives 1 beef burger.1 desert.1 fries and1 drink. Findings 1.1Organizational culture Cultures plays very vital role in the organization. No doubt it is multicultural organization. As I have seen in burger king different employees works from different cultures. It also helps to communicate, as in new Zealand employees from different part of world comes and works in burger king .more over burger king also teach their employees about their social and professional ethics . Like in burger king each crew member communicate with the manager and by this he affected by this. Organizational explain how an organization intends to go about achieving its mission. Company must identify its mission as increasing market share and making a profit. Goals of burger king World largest quick restaurant Company makes different commitments for the for safety Sales increase threw the promotions 1.2 Business demographics Training period teach more everyone in burger king. Seniors always shared their knowledge with juniors, which is very helpful for juniors. It gives experience to the new crews. When the any person starts work then have little bit nervous. Manager should conclude that so they work in simple mode. Any business can run when it is well prepared like burger king. Because burger king has own rules which every one of staff are follows. Training period teach more everyone in burger king Senior always shared their knowledge with the junior worker .it gives lots of experience to the new worker. Manager depends upon the capacity and how much busy of it. Manager is that person who teaches next lesson to the crew members. 1.2.1 Crew Trainer Crew trainer is person who trains the crew member and gives his experience and basic knowledge of workplace to the crew person. So trainer gives the basic knowledge like how to make burgers, how to clean workplace etc. crew trainer need to give good skills of their workers so they learn good in begging. 1.2.2. Managers The number of managers depends on capacity of burger king as how much busy it is. After passing crew training stage crew become crew trainer and he will be able to give training to other trainees. Therefore training manager is a person who teaches next lesson to crew trainers. He also shares his knowledge and experience with trainees. 1.2.3. Organizations Manager He is the person who has all responsibilities of restaurants like in our group there are five restaurants he is the big boss of all restaurants. He is most experienced person in the restaurant and he had all knowledge about restaurants. He manage all the staff and the store for good work . 1.3 Group dynamics As we know in each and every organization works with the help of groups. it improves the communication skills of employees due to work place. Such as when a crew member takes the orders of customer they must have good English speaking and listening skills. Which impress the customers? 1.4 Meeting management The communication which we use in meetings of organization related to our profession. It is good for us in future. Every Organization plan meeting to do something good for company. So when doing a meeting it is important every member who is attending meetings must follow some rules. Sometime meeting not goes well because of not planned well. So every meeting should have some time, when its necessary. I saw our store manager accent is very different for others and he speaks so fast. Some time we could not understand well what he spoke. It was big communication barrier in the working place. 1.5 Purpose: The purpose of communication should clear for all the meeting attainders. In that we get the knowledge about different skills and good work. Burger king providing good services to their customers and give them happiness. The purpose of communication should clear for all the meeting attended. In that we get the knowledge about different skill and good work. Company use some these methods to be in touch with all type of people like customer, employees, investors, etc. from Australia to all over in new Zealand they follow these methods. 1.6 Networks: The organization is connected with internet for everyone and they use emails, letters, posters and other advertising material to connect with people. The internal network of the organization is connected by LAN, WAN. 1.7 Stakeholders: The basic definition of the stakeholders is any group or individual that can be affecting the organization or affected by the organizational progress. Stakeholder is the person that has any type of interest in an origination by direct or indirect way. The organization should have proper communication with the stakeholders to development of the organization. Stakeholder is that person who takes stake in organization because it can be affected by the organization, action, objectives and policies. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, directors, employees and government etc. 1.8Recommendation: According to me crew members need to get all information about store like which does managers. So with the help of that they would not be getting any confusion. Moreover is also increase their motivation skills and their experience .company need to place rubbish bins outside in parking because lots of people put rubbish in the parking. So maintained person need to do lots of things in morning. Company need to give more chances to their crews and as well as give them chance for promotions. According to me they have to add reward consumer and they should provide specials days like birthday or others days which are necessary in every person life. Interact with stakeholders using appropriate communication channels. If they have a preference for email, use email to contact them. If the goal is to change behavior two ways communication may be required, such as in person or telephone contact with stakeholders.

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is an acclaimed work by one of America's famous early writers, Samuel Langhorn Clemens. Mr. Clemens wrote under the pen name of Mark Twain. The book was written in 1884. This book traces the story of a young man named Huckleberry Finn, or Huck for short, from conformity to the Southern way of thinking, to his own ideas. The story begins when he is trying to become what he calls "sivilized" by a widow and a woman named Miss Watson in the small town of Hannibal, Mississippi. His Pap, the town drunk finds out that Huck has found a large sum of money. When the judge of the town wont give Huck to his father because of Pap's racous behavior, Pap kidnaps Huck. He takes him to a cabin where they live together. Pap is abusive towards Huck, and locks him in the cabin whenever he leaves. Huck formulates a plan to escape, faking his own death, and implements it. He escapes down the Mississippi river in a canoe. Stopping at an island near Hannibal Huck discovers Jim, a runaway slave from his old house in town. They set off together down the Mississippi for wild adventures together. The meet up with scoundrels and murders frequently, and every time Huck outsmarts all the obstacles put in his way as he and Jim travel to the Ohio river. Once there he and Jim could travel up the Ohio to the north and Jim would be a free man. But they miss the Ohio by accident and keep going down the wide Mississippi. They have adventures to numerous to record, at the end of the adventure Jim is a willed free when his previous owner dies and Huck, with a new outlook on southern culture decideds to move on to new territory. In The Adventures of Huckelberry Finn, Huck is the narrator. The charachter of Huck Finn was very different than the society that he was born into. Mr. Twain uses Hucks open mindedness as a window to let humor and the books points and morals shine through. Huck always takes things very literaly. This not only adds to the humor of the book, but it also lets some of the books deeper messages come through. In the first scenes of the book Huck is struggling to understand the concepts of Miss Watson's heaven and hell. He finds her harp strumming view of heaven boring and he wants to be in an exciting place. When Miss Watson tells Huck that he will get anything he prays for, he takes it very literally and decides to Huck Finn :: essays research papers The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is an acclaimed work by one of America's famous early writers, Samuel Langhorn Clemens. Mr. Clemens wrote under the pen name of Mark Twain. The book was written in 1884. This book traces the story of a young man named Huckleberry Finn, or Huck for short, from conformity to the Southern way of thinking, to his own ideas. The story begins when he is trying to become what he calls "sivilized" by a widow and a woman named Miss Watson in the small town of Hannibal, Mississippi. His Pap, the town drunk finds out that Huck has found a large sum of money. When the judge of the town wont give Huck to his father because of Pap's racous behavior, Pap kidnaps Huck. He takes him to a cabin where they live together. Pap is abusive towards Huck, and locks him in the cabin whenever he leaves. Huck formulates a plan to escape, faking his own death, and implements it. He escapes down the Mississippi river in a canoe. Stopping at an island near Hannibal Huck discovers Jim, a runaway slave from his old house in town. They set off together down the Mississippi for wild adventures together. The meet up with scoundrels and murders frequently, and every time Huck outsmarts all the obstacles put in his way as he and Jim travel to the Ohio river. Once there he and Jim could travel up the Ohio to the north and Jim would be a free man. But they miss the Ohio by accident and keep going down the wide Mississippi. They have adventures to numerous to record, at the end of the adventure Jim is a willed free when his previous owner dies and Huck, with a new outlook on southern culture decideds to move on to new territory. In The Adventures of Huckelberry Finn, Huck is the narrator. The charachter of Huck Finn was very different than the society that he was born into. Mr. Twain uses Hucks open mindedness as a window to let humor and the books points and morals shine through. Huck always takes things very literaly. This not only adds to the humor of the book, but it also lets some of the books deeper messages come through. In the first scenes of the book Huck is struggling to understand the concepts of Miss Watson's heaven and hell. He finds her harp strumming view of heaven boring and he wants to be in an exciting place. When Miss Watson tells Huck that he will get anything he prays for, he takes it very literally and decides to

The Spiritual and Physical Dimensions in The Birthmark Essay -- miscel

The Spiritual and Physical Dimensions in The Birthmark Fred Allen Wolf notes in Taking the Quantum Leap that it was not until the 20th century that scientists realized that â€Å"to observe is to disturb, for observation breaks the wholeness of nature.† If observing disturbs, then when a scientist tampers and tries to perfect nature the result can only be disastrous. The goal of most scientists is to observe and understand the mysteries of nature. Nathaniel Hawthorne realized that the scientists of the 19th century were beginning to challenge the traditional views of science and man. The traditional view of man holds that man is both material and spiritual. Advancements in science led some scientists to begin to think that man was only material and therefore with enough enlightenment science could control all of nature including man himself. Hawthorne, however, objected to the idea of man’s ability to totally control all aspects of human life. Hawthorne, in his short story â€Å"The Birthmark,† uses the imagery and c haracter to show that man has both a spiritual and material dimension that are deeply interwoven and unable to be completely controlled. Hawthorne presents the prevailing thinking of the man of science with the introduction of Aylmer who typifies the man of science who thinks that he is able to â€Å"ascend from one step of powerful intelligence to another, until the philosopher should lay his hand on the secret of creative force† (Hawthorne 1). Hawthorne hints that Aylmer believes he can posses â€Å"ultimate and total control of Nature† (1). Hawthorne uses the birthmark on Georgiana’s cheek to represent the spiritual or non-material aspects of man. Initially, when Hawthorne describes the birthmark, he views it as merely a physical defect. He refers to it as being â€Å"the visible mark of earthly imperfection,† (1). As Aylmer continues to dwell on the imperfection, it begins to take on a deeper meaning. He begins to see it as â€Å"the fatal flaw of humanity† which comes from the hand of Nature (1). Later, he sees it as â€Å"the symbol of his wife’s liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death,† (1). Hawthorne uses Georgiana as a representative of all mankind by telling that Nature places a flaw on â€Å"all her productions,† (1). As Aylmer begins to recognize the defect in connection with her immortality, he begins to acknowledge that there is something deeper than the mater... ...ever understood the reality he denied, it is not certain, but the final commentary by the narrator suggests that Georgiana’s death settles the question of the reality of the natural and spiritual world and the intertwining of the two. He explains that â€Å"the fatal hand had grappled with the mystery of life and was the bond by which an angelic spirit kept itself in union with a mortal frame,† (7). The angelic spirit and the mortal frame were inseparable and one could not exist without the other. It was this that Aylmer could not believe, for he was a man of science, fact, and one whom could not grasp the idea of a spiritual dimension of an individual. Through the birthmark and Aylmer, Hawthorne illustrates that an individual has both a physical body seen by all and a spirit that is unseen. Aylmer first believes, like other scientists, that all things are merely physical. But Georgiana’s birthmark is used to symbolize the spirit that grasps all humans. Georgiana’s death comes when her spirit is removed from her physical body. Hawthorne uses the birthmark’s intertwining with the body to reveal that man has a spiritual dimension and a physical dimension, both of which are intertwined.

Chapter 4 Of Carter’s Book Essay

Warren Carter’s book offers the necessary understanding of the Christianity’s initial stages. The book’s structure is such that it revolves around seven important events that had a great impact on Christianity in early times. They briefly include the following: the demise of Alexander , comparison between Jesus and Alexander, the translation’ process of scriptures from Hebrew to Greek, the Jerusalem temple rededication that analyses the Maccabean revolt and its contribution to Jewish identity and the occupation of Romans of Judea gives a description of the roman rule in Judea and the Christian’s response on it. The chapter also include: Jesus’s crucifixion as addressed in the fifth event and herein an explanation is given for his crucifixion, the next event is the writing of the texts in the New Testament and the final event is the process of closure of the New Testament Canon. In this book, Carter explores both social and historical contexts. He explores the significance of the happenings during development of Christianity in early times. Even though the book’s content is in an ancient context, that reflections are relevant in today’s times. Chapter 4 discusses the existence of Roman’s power in Judea and the cities around it by Pompey who was the commander and the traitor of Judeans King Herod. It also shows the historical events that Judeans went over during that early time. In chapter 4, it highlights the Roman occupation of Judea and the takeover by Rome as it maintained power. Carter notes that â€Å"when imperial power is asserted, winners and losers will always be there†. The biggest losers in this case were Hasmoneans and Judeans while the winners were Romans, King Herod and his sons Archelaus, Antipas, and Philip. In the chapter, Herod has kept a tight grip of Judea. As a leader, he is quite biased and exercise ruthless power over his subjects regardless of them being Roman or Jewish. His actions were ridiculous as he was willing to commit any crime in order to satisfy his ambition. He would punish and execute anyone objecting his way of ruling even close people such as his wife, children, and his mother in law. Also, he was willing to do whatever is needed to maintain and please his relationship with his Romans bosses because he realized that Rome’s empire had started. On the other hand, he was successful in maintaining a tight grip because of his development projects in Judea. Herod offered excuses for being such a vicious ruler such that Judeans were in constant negotiation with him. The approaches to negotiation were as follows: â€Å"some waited for God’s actions through the Messiah while others found justice in entirely different ways† . There was a mixture of different things that happened in the period, and others sought for independence and a secure future, and some were violent in an endeavor to be more appealing to the Romans. The locals thus had varying evaluation of the rulers with some applauding them and others rebuking them in totality. The Judeans chose different ways in which they negotiated Roman presence and power. According to Carter, these negotiations involved the faith they placed in the Messiah. This was such that they waited for the intervention of the Lord through the Messiah’s sending. In so doing, they were in constant prayer with the hope that everything will change to the better. Others consulted and explored it through different ways that entailed involvement in acts of violence. The Judeans believed that the Messiah would save them from King Herod’s oppressive rule as well as the desecrating Romans. Several approaches have been used in trying to represent opposition and accommodate them in studying the New Testament. This methodology focuses mostly on power of ideological power struggles between imperial and native forces. In the first century CE, chapter 4 discusses how the Roman Empire exercised political authority over Jewish authorities. The mark’s gospel represents a form of resistant literature. This resistant indicates that Jesus ‘portrayal is not an attempt to abolish the whole structure of Empire but replacement to the emperor with the true Lord. This Postcolonial criticism is clear attempts to explore how authors in the ancient tried to negotiate dynamic power as a subjugated group’s members. In this chapter, one is enlightened on the genesis of Christian movement and in so doing helping in the understanding of the New Testament. In this discussion, it lights many historical events that may not briefly showed or discussed in details in Matthewâ€⠄¢s Gospel in the New Testament. In addition, the diversity selection of stories chosen by Carter in the emergence of the New Testament plays a huge role in giving more insights into its development. The factual information provided on the development of Christianity plays a significant role of shading light on the situation of events. The socio-cultural happenings offer a new perspective on the New Testament. The several illustrations in the book and the textual aids play a huge role in making the reader understand the New Testament fully. In the chapters of Carter’s book, both social and historical contexts are well explored. He explores the significance of events in that time to the development of Christianity in early times. Even though the chapter’s content is in an ancient context, the reflections are relevant in today’s times. Warren Carter’s book offers the necessary understanding of the initial stages of Christianity. The book’s structure is to revolve around seven important events that had a great impact on Christianity in early times. This chapter thus plays a tremendous role in further understanding of the New Testament to modern day Christians. The historical happening put things in perspective and assists in the following of the stories revealed in the New Testament. References Carter, Warren. Seven Events that Shaped the New Testament World. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2013. Source document

Safety and Health

|Title |HSC 027 Contribute to health and safety in health and social care | |Level |2 | |Credit value |4 | |Learning outcomes |Assessment criteria | |The learner will: |The learner can: | |1. Understand own responsibilities, and the |1. 1 Identify legislation relating to general health and safety in a health or social | |responsibilities of others, relating to health and |care work setting | |safety in the work setting |1. 2 Describe the main points of the health and safety policies and procedures agreed | | |with the employer | | |1. Outline the main health and safety responsibilities of: | | |self | | |the employer or manager | | |others in the work setting | | |1. 4 Identify tasks relating to health and safety that should not be carried out | | |without special training | | |1. Explain how to access additional support and information relating to health and | | |safety | |2. Understand the use of risk assessments in |2. 1 Explain why it is important to assess health and safety hazards posed by the work | |relation to health and safety |setting or by particular activities | | |2. 2 Explain how and when to report potential health and safety risks that have been | | |identified | | |2. Explain how risk assessment can help address | | |dilemmas between rights and health and safety | | |concerns | |3. Understand procedures for responding to |3. 1 Describe different types of accidents and | |accidents and sudden illness |sudden illness that may occur in own work setting | | |3. 2 Outline the procedures to be followed if an | | |accident or sudden illness should occur | |4.Be able to reduce the spread of infection |Demonstrate the recommended method for hand washing | | |Demonstrate ways to ensure that own health and hygiene do not pose a risk to others at| | |work | |5. Be able to move and handle equipment and other|Identify legislation that relates to moving and handling | |objects safely |Explain principles for moving and handling equip ment and other objects safely | | |Move and handle equipment or other objects safely | |6.Know how to handle hazardous substances and |Identify hazardous substances and materials that may be found in the work setting | |materials |Describe safe practices for: | | |Storing hazardous substances | | |Using hazardous substances | | |Disposing of hazardous substances and | | |materials | |7.Understand how to promote fire safety in the |Describe practices that prevent fires from: | |work setting |starting | | |spreading | | |Outline emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a fire in the work setting| | |Explain the importance of maintaining clear evacuation routes at all times | |8. Be able to implement security measures in the |Use agreed ways of working for checking the identity of anyone requesting access to: | |work setting |Premises | | |Information | | |8. Implement measures to protect own security and the security of others in the | | |work setting | | |8. 3 Explain the importance of ensuring that others are aware of own whereabouts | |9. Know how to manage own stress |Identify common signs and indicators of stress | | |Identify circumstances that tend to trigger own stress | | |Describe ways to manage own stress | Additional information about the unit | |NOS ref |HSC 22 HSC 221 HSC 223 | | |Content recurs throughout HSC NOS knowledge requirements | |Unit purpose and aims |This unit is aimed at those working in a wide range of settings. It provides the learner | | |with the knowledge and skills required to carry out their work safely. | |Assessment requirements or guidance |This unit must be assessed in accordance with Skills for Care and Development QCF | | |Assessment Principles. | | | | |LO 4, 5, and 8 must be assessed in a real work environment | |Additional Information |Others may include: | | |Team members | | |Other colleagues | | |Those who use or commission their own health or social care services | | |Famil ies, carers and advocates | | | | | |Work setting may include one specific location or a range of locations, depending on the | | |context of a particular work role | | | | | |Policies and procedures may include other agreed ways of working as well as formal | | |policies and procedures | | | | |Tasks that the learner should not carry out without special training may include those | | |relating to: | | |Use of equipment | | |First aid | | |Medication | | |Health care procedures | | |Food handling and preparation | | | | | |Stress can have positive as well as negative effects, but in this unit the word is used | | |to refer to negative stress |

A Sartrean Life

Sartre holds that â€Å"existence precedes essence. † A human being is simply what he or she wills to be. Sartre believes that we are defined by what we do. We are what we choose to do. Existentialism is not an easy concept to explain, and Sartre agreed. He summed up existentialism as existence precedes essence. What does that really mean? Sartre explained it using the analogy of the paper cutter. He said that an artisan whose inspiration came from a concept made the paper cutter. The artisan referred to the concept of what a paper cutter was and created it with a known method of production (part of the concept of the cutter) with a routine. The paper cutter was produced a certain way creating on certain use for it. Therefore, the essence (the pre-production intent and method of creation) came before the actual existence of the paper cutter, its intent and plan for production was already determined. Existentialism is the opposite of this. If it were existentialism, the cutter would have been created at random without anyone knowing the intent of it until the artisan determined an intent for the cutter after its production. Following this line of thought, I find myself in a situation where there would be no despair at all because all the hope lies in ones self. I define myself and my purpose in my life and I then take responsibility for my choice by living out my self-determined purpose. . The supreme virtue of existentialism is ultimate choice. This can only have been obtained if I am true to myself. I also have to take responsibility for my own actions because I choose my own actions and must live with the consequences. I can choose what I become and have to live with it, but I can change it to create a better fit if I thought my choice wasn't totally correct. Although Sartre’s philosophy has many advantages and it builds itself on the belief that we create our own choices and we are responsible for ourselves. I believe that many people will not take the challenge or back out in fear of the responsibility. This occurs because there is no way for the people to know for sure that the choice they make as their definition of themselves is correct. This creates a fear in many people, a fear of being wrong and a fear that being wrong could lead to their demise. Sartre admitted there was much anguish in taking the existential challenge because there was no way of knowing one was right. Sartre's advice to the leery was to be human, stick to ones self, and just hope for the best. This was the point where existentialism neared the thin line between philosophy in religion because to take this challenge, people had to have a belief in themselves in order to stick with their choices. Existentialism got much criticism not only because it was mainly atheistic, but also because of the morals it created. Actually, the morals were not created by existentialism, but by existentialists. They created their own morals and values to comply with choosing their own purposes in life. The meaning of their lives directly paralleled the values chosen, in fact Sartre thought that the values chosen is what ones meaning of life was based upon. This idea was strongly criticized by many people because they feared that this could create anarchy. If everyone created their own values, there would be no set laws in which to obey. Sartre stated that ones conscience would be able to determine between right and wrong; and that one could tell if their choice of action served an injustice to another person. Many were very skeptical of this, however; fearing that, for example, backing out of an agreement was acceptable to some, but would not be acceptable to others. In conclusion, despite the large amount of criticism, Sartre was widely followed and looked upon highly by many. He could support his ideas with reason and logic. These ideas appealed to large amounts of people because of the circumstances they were in. The timing of Sartre was part of what created such a large following. Throughout history, change and the following of new and sometimes radical ideas came right after a large disaster in which people were left in despair looking for hope. If there is one thing to remember about existentialism it is that existence precedes essence. If one is an existentialist or not: one gets out of life what one puts in; the meaning of our lives comes not from what happens in our lives, but what we do in them; and every one of us are actors on the stage of life. In closing, Sartre said it best when he commented, â€Å"Man is encompassed by his own existence and there is no exit. â€Å"

Defining Prejudice Essay

Prejudice-a preconceived negative judgement of a group and its individual members. -prejudice is an attitude. The negative evaluations that mark prejudice often are supported by negative beliefs called stereotypes. Forms of prejudice Stereotype – a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes are sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. Discrimination- unjustified negative behaviour toward a group or its members. Racism- an individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour toward people of a given race or institutional practices that subordinate people of a given race. Sexism- an individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour toward people of a given sex. Racial prejudice In the context of the world, Every race is a minority. Most folks see prejudice in other people. -is racial prejudice disappearing? -in 1942 most Americans agreed that there should be separate sections for negroes on streetcars and buses. -parents both black and white suggested that their children should know the history of blacks and whites. -most black and white would likely to vote a black American for president. In the United States, whites tend to compare the present with the oppressive past and to perceive swift and radical progress. Blacks tend to compare their present with their ideal world, which has not yet been realized, and to perceive somewhat less progress. Gender Prejudice – people’s prejudgment on others based on gender. Gender Stereotype – are simplistic generalizations about the gender attributes, differences, and roles of individuals and/or groups. Stereotypes can be positive or negative, but they rarely communicate accurate information about others. When people automatically apply gender assumptions to others regardless of evidence to the contrary, they are perpetuating gender stereotyping. Many people recognize the dangers of gender stereotyping, yet continue to make these types of generalizations. the female stereotypic  role is to marry and have children. She is also to put her family’s welfare before her own; be loving, compassionate, caring, nurturing, and sympathetic; and find time to be sexy and feel beautiful. The male stereotypic role is to be the financial provider. He is also to be assertive, competitive, independent, courageous, and career†focused; hold his emotions in check; and always initiate sex. These sorts of stereotypes can prove harmful; they can stifle individual expression and creativity, as well as hinder personal and professional growth. Ambivalent Sexism – Ambivalent sexism is an ideology composed of both a â€Å"hostile† and â€Å"benevolent† prejudice toward women. Hostile sexism is an antagonistic attitude toward women, who are often viewed as trying to control men through feminist ideology or sexual seduction. Benevolent sexism is a chivalrous attitude toward women that feels favorable but is actually sexist because it casts women as weak creatures in need of men’s protection. What causes ambivalent sexism? According to Professors Glick and Fiske, sexist ambivalence is the result of two basic facts about relations between women and men: male dominance (patriarchy) and interdependence between the sexes. Male dominance is prevalent across cultures, with men dominating high status roles in business, government, religious institutions, and so forth. Hostile sexism arises in large part because dominant groups tend to create hostile ideologies concerning the inferiority of other groups. Despite male dominance, however, men are often highly dependent upon women as wives, mothers, and romantic partners. This dependence fosters benevolent sexism, which recognizes women as valuable and attractive (an attitude not generally present in prejudices such as racism, anti-Semitism, and homophobia, in which the targets of prejudice are typically shunned or loathed). Gender Discrimination – Discrimination based on gender or sex Where and When Can Gender Discrimination Occur? Employment – Including claims that a potential employer asked discriminatory questions based on gender during the interview process; claims that an employer failed to hire, failed to promote, or wrongfully terminated an  employee based on his or her gender; unequal pay claims; and claims for sexual harassment of employees. Education – Including claims for exclusion from educational programs or opportunities based on gender; and claims for sexual harassment of students. Housing – Including claims for refusal to negotiate with a person seeking housing, claims for imposition of different lease/contract terms, and claims for refusal to extend a loan based on the gender of the applicant/tenant/buyer. Borrowing / Credit – Including claims for refusal to extend credit, claims for imposition of unequal loan terms, and claims arising from improper inquiries during the credit/loan approval process, based on the gender of the applicant. 3 SOURCES OF PREJUDICE Social Source Emotional Source Cognitive Source Social Sources of Prejudice The self-fulfilling prophecy: where a belief is accepted as truth, & in stating it, becomes true. Stereotype Threat Stereotype threat is â€Å"the threat of being viewed through the lens of a negative stereotype, or the fear of doing something that would inadvertently confirm that stereotype,† such as the stereotype that women perform poorly in math. Some students try to escape stereotype threat by misidentifying with the part of life in which the stereotype originates, such as race or ethnic identities. Emotional Sources of Prejudice Frustration & aggression: The Scapegoat Theory: When problems occur, people do not like to blame themselves. They will thus actively seek scapegoats onto whom they can displace their aggression. Scapegoats may be out-group individuals or even entire groups. Powerless people who cannot easily resist will often become victims of scapegoating. Scapegoating increases when people are frustrated &  seeking an outlet for their anger. The Realistic Group Conflict Theory When there are limited resources, then this leads to conflict, prejudice & discrimination between groups who seek that common resource. Cross-race/ Other-race Effect Refers to the tendency to more easily recognize members of one’s own race. A study was made which examined 271 real court cases. The results from this study showed that witnesses correctly identified 65 % of the defendants which were of the same race as them. On the other hand, 45% of the defendants were identified which belonged to a different race than the witnesses. Just-world Phenomenon The just-world phenomenon, refers to the tendency for people to believe that the world is â€Å"just† & so therefore people get what they deserve.† It wrongly colors our impression of â€Å"victims† of any sort. Controversies and Prominent Topics Sexism Nationalism Classism Sexual Discrimination Racism Religious Discrimination Linguistic Discrimination Reducing Prejudice The contact hypothesis The contact hypothesis predicts that prejudice can only be reduced when in-group and out-group members are brought together. In particular, there are six conditions that must be met to reduce prejudice, as were cultivated in Elliot Aronson’s Jigsaw Classroom. First, the in- and out- groups must have a degree of mutual interdependence. Second, both groups need to share a common goal. Third, the two groups must have equal status. Fourth, there  must be frequent opportunities for informal and interpersonal contact between groups. Fifth, there should be multiple contacts between the in- and the out- groups. Finally, social norms of equality must exist and be present to foster prejudice reduction.